Skip to main content

15.05.2024 | Cardiac PET, CT, and MRI (P Cremer, Section Editor)

Assessing Regurgitation Severity, Adverse Remodeling, and Fibrosis with CMR in Primary Mitral Regurgitation

verfasst von: Amr Darwish, Akila Bersali, Mujtaba Saeed, Aneesh Dhore, Dimitrios Maragiannis, K. Carlos El-Tallawi, Dipan J. Shah

Erschienen in: Current Cardiology Reports

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review offers an evidence-based analysis of established and emerging cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques used to assess the severity of primary mitral regurgitation (MR), identify adverse cardiac remodeling and its prognostic effect. The aim is to provide different insights regarding clinical decision-making and enhance the clinical outcomes of patients with MR.

Recent Findings

Cardiac remodeling and myocardial replacement fibrosis are observed frequently in the presence of substantial LV volume overload, particularly in cases with severe primary MR. CMR serves as a useful diagnostic imaging modality in assessing mitral regurgitation severity, early detection of cardiac remodeling, myocardial dysfunction, and myocardial fibrosis, enabling timely intervention before irreversible damage ensues.

Summary

Incorporating myocardial remodeling in terms of left ventricular (LV) dilatation and myocardial fibrosis with quantitative MR severity assessment by CMR may assist in defining optimal timing of intervention.
Literatur
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, Barengo NC, Beaton AZ, Benjamin EJ, Benziger CP, Bonny A, Brauer M, Brodmann M, Cahill TJ, Carapetis J, Catapano AL, Chugh SS, Cooper LT, Coresh J, Criqui M, DeCleene N, Eagle KA, Emmons-Bell S, Feigin VL, Fernández-Solà J, Fowkes G, Gakidou E, Grundy SM, He FJ, Howard G, Hu F, Inker L, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Koroshetz W, Lavie C, Lloyd-Jones D, Lu HS, Mirijello A, Temesgen AM, Mokdad A, Moran AE, Muntner P, Narula J, Neal B, Ntsekhe M, Moraes de Oliveira G, Otto C, Owolabi M, Pratt M, Rajagopalan S, Reitsma M, Ribeiro ALP, Rigotti N, Rodgers A, Sable C, Shakil S, Sliwa-Hahnle K, Stark B, Sundström J, Timpel P, Tleyjeh IM, Valgimigli M, Vos T, Whelton PK, Yacoub M, Zuhlke L, Murray C, Fuster V; GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Apr 20;77(15):1958–1959. PMID: 33309175; PMCID: PMC7755038. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, Barengo NC, Beaton AZ, Benjamin EJ, Benziger CP, Bonny A, Brauer M, Brodmann M, Cahill TJ, Carapetis J, Catapano AL, Chugh SS, Cooper LT, Coresh J, Criqui M, DeCleene N, Eagle KA, Emmons-Bell S, Feigin VL, Fernández-Solà J, Fowkes G, Gakidou E, Grundy SM, He FJ, Howard G, Hu F, Inker L, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Koroshetz W, Lavie C, Lloyd-Jones D, Lu HS, Mirijello A, Temesgen AM, Mokdad A, Moran AE, Muntner P, Narula J, Neal B, Ntsekhe M, Moraes de Oliveira G, Otto C, Owolabi M, Pratt M, Rajagopalan S, Reitsma M, Ribeiro ALP, Rigotti N, Rodgers A, Sable C, Shakil S, Sliwa-Hahnle K, Stark B, Sundström J, Timpel P, Tleyjeh IM, Valgimigli M, Vos T, Whelton PK, Yacoub M, Zuhlke L, Murray C, Fuster V; GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2020.​11.​010. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Apr 20;77(15):1958–1959. PMID: 33309175; PMCID: PMC7755038.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, et al. 2017 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease The task force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2017;38:2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx391.CrossRefPubMed Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, et al. 2017 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease The task force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2017;38:2739. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehx391.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, et al. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:303–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007.CrossRefPubMed Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, et al. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:303–71. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​echo.​2017.​01.​007.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Gentile F, Jneid H, Krieger EV, Mack M, McLeod C, O'Gara PT, Rigolin VH, Sundt TM 3rd, Thompson A, Toly C; ACC/AHA Joint Committee Members; O'Gara PT, Beckman JA, Levine GN, Al-Khatib SM, Armbruster A, Birtcher KK, Ciggaroa J, Deswal A, Dixon DL, Fleisher LA, de Las Fuentes L, Gentile F, Goldberger ZD, Gorenek B, Haynes N, Hernandez AF, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Jones WS, Marine JE, Mark D, Palaniappan L, Piano MR, Spatz ES, Tamis-Holland J, Wijeysundera DN, Woo YJ. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;162(2):e183–e353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.04.002. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Gentile F, Jneid H, Krieger EV, Mack M, McLeod C, O'Gara PT, Rigolin VH, Sundt TM 3rd, Thompson A, Toly C; ACC/AHA Joint Committee Members; O'Gara PT, Beckman JA, Levine GN, Al-Khatib SM, Armbruster A, Birtcher KK, Ciggaroa J, Deswal A, Dixon DL, Fleisher LA, de Las Fuentes L, Gentile F, Goldberger ZD, Gorenek B, Haynes N, Hernandez AF, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Jones WS, Marine JE, Mark D, Palaniappan L, Piano MR, Spatz ES, Tamis-Holland J, Wijeysundera DN, Woo YJ. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;162(2):e183–e353. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jtcvs.​2021.​04.​002.
28.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Kitkungvan D, Nabi F, Kim RJ, Bonow RO, Khan MA, Xu J, et al. Myocardial fibrosis in patients with primary mitral regurgitation with and without prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:823–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.048. Findings from this study showed higher prevalence of LV fibrosis in patients with MVP compared to those without MVP and LV fibrosis may represent a risk marker for cardiac events.CrossRefPubMed •• Kitkungvan D, Nabi F, Kim RJ, Bonow RO, Khan MA, Xu J, et al. Myocardial fibrosis in patients with primary mitral regurgitation with and without prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:823–34. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jacc.​2018.​06.​048. Findings from this study showed higher prevalence of LV fibrosis in patients with MVP compared to those without MVP and LV fibrosis may represent a risk marker for cardiac events.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Constant Dit Beaufils A-L, Huttin O, Jobbe-Duval A, Senage T, Filippetti L, Piriou N, et al. Replacement myocardial fibrosis in patients with mitral valve prolapse: relation to mitral regurgitation, ventricular remodeling, and arrhythmia. Circulation. 2021;143:1763–74. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050214. This study showed that replacement myocardial fibrosis detected by LGE on CMR was independently associated with an increase in cardiovascular events (cardiac death, HF, new-onset AF, arterial embolism, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia) during follow-up reinforcing the prognostic interest of CMR in MVP/MR.CrossRefPubMed •• Constant Dit Beaufils A-L, Huttin O, Jobbe-Duval A, Senage T, Filippetti L, Piriou N, et al. Replacement myocardial fibrosis in patients with mitral valve prolapse: relation to mitral regurgitation, ventricular remodeling, and arrhythmia. Circulation. 2021;143:1763–74. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​CIRCULATIONAHA.​120.​050214. This study showed that replacement myocardial fibrosis detected by LGE on CMR was independently associated with an increase in cardiovascular events (cardiac death, HF, new-onset AF, arterial embolism, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia) during follow-up reinforcing the prognostic interest of CMR in MVP/MR.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagata Y, Bertrand PB, Baliyan V, Kochav J, Kagan RD, Ujka K, Alfraidi H, van Kampen A, Morningstar JE, Dal-Bianco JP, Melnitchouk S, Holmvang G, Borger MA, Moore R, Hua L, Sultana R, Calle PV, Yum B, Guerrero JL, Neilan TG, Picard MH, Kim J, Delling FN, Hung J, Norris RA, Weinsaft JW, Levine RA. Abnormal Mechanics Relate to Myocardial Fibrosis and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;16(4):e014963. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014963.CrossRefPubMed Nagata Y, Bertrand PB, Baliyan V, Kochav J, Kagan RD, Ujka K, Alfraidi H, van Kampen A, Morningstar JE, Dal-Bianco JP, Melnitchouk S, Holmvang G, Borger MA, Moore R, Hua L, Sultana R, Calle PV, Yum B, Guerrero JL, Neilan TG, Picard MH, Kim J, Delling FN, Hung J, Norris RA, Weinsaft JW, Levine RA. Abnormal Mechanics Relate to Myocardial Fibrosis and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;16(4):e014963. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​CIRCIMAGING.​122.​014963.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat De Meester de Ravenstein C, Bouzin C, Lazam S, Boulif J, Amzulescu M, Melchior J, et al. Histological Validation of measurement of diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis by myocardial extravascular volume fraction from Modified Look-Locker imaging (MOLLI) T1 mapping at 3 T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2015;17:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-015-0150-0. De Meester de Ravenstein C, Bouzin C, Lazam S, Boulif J, Amzulescu M, Melchior J, et al. Histological Validation of measurement of diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis by myocardial extravascular volume fraction from Modified Look-Locker imaging (MOLLI) T1 mapping at 3 T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2015;17:48. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12968-015-0150-0.
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Fontana M, White SK, Banypersad SM, Sado DM, Maestrini V, Flett AS, et al. Comparison of T1 mapping techniques for ECV quantification. Histological validation and reproducibility of ShMOLLI versus multibreath-hold T1 quantification equilibrium contrast CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:88. https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-14-88. Fontana M, White SK, Banypersad SM, Sado DM, Maestrini V, Flett AS, et al. Comparison of T1 mapping techniques for ECV quantification. Histological validation and reproducibility of ShMOLLI versus multibreath-hold T1 quantification equilibrium contrast CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:88. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​1532-429X-14-88.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat • Kitkungvan D, Yang EY, El Tallawi KC, Nagueh SF, Nabi F, Khan MA, et al. Extracellular volume in primary mitral regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14:1146–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.10.010. Findings of this study showed that diffuse interstitial fibrosis as inferred by ECV was associated with MR severity, regardless of primary MR etiology and that ECV was independently associated with symptoms related to MR and clinical events.CrossRefPubMed • Kitkungvan D, Yang EY, El Tallawi KC, Nagueh SF, Nabi F, Khan MA, et al. Extracellular volume in primary mitral regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14:1146–60. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jcmg.​2020.​10.​010. Findings of this study showed that diffuse interstitial fibrosis as inferred by ECV was associated with MR severity, regardless of primary MR etiology and that ECV was independently associated with symptoms related to MR and clinical events.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Assessing Regurgitation Severity, Adverse Remodeling, and Fibrosis with CMR in Primary Mitral Regurgitation
verfasst von
Amr Darwish
Akila Bersali
Mujtaba Saeed
Aneesh Dhore
Dimitrios Maragiannis
K. Carlos El-Tallawi
Dipan J. Shah
Publikationsdatum
15.05.2024
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Cardiology Reports
Print ISSN: 1523-3782
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3170
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-024-02069-8

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

Erhöhtes Risiko fürs Herz unter Checkpointhemmer-Therapie

28.05.2024 Nebenwirkungen der Krebstherapie Nachrichten

Kardiotoxische Nebenwirkungen einer Therapie mit Immuncheckpointhemmern mögen selten sein – wenn sie aber auftreten, wird es für Patienten oft lebensgefährlich. Voruntersuchung und Monitoring sind daher obligat.

GLP-1-Agonisten können Fortschreiten diabetischer Retinopathie begünstigen

24.05.2024 Diabetische Retinopathie Nachrichten

Möglicherweise hängt es von der Art der Diabetesmedikamente ab, wie hoch das Risiko der Betroffenen ist, dass sich sehkraftgefährdende Komplikationen verschlimmern.

TAVI versus Klappenchirurgie: Neue Vergleichsstudie sorgt für Erstaunen

21.05.2024 TAVI Nachrichten

Bei schwerer Aortenstenose und obstruktiver KHK empfehlen die Leitlinien derzeit eine chirurgische Kombi-Behandlung aus Klappenersatz plus Bypass-OP. Diese Empfehlung wird allerdings jetzt durch eine aktuelle Studie infrage gestellt – mit überraschender Deutlichkeit.

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.