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18.05.2024 | Diabetische Nephropathie | Leitthema

Diabetische Nephropathie 2023 – Beginn eines neuen Zeitalters

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Tom H. Lindner, Werner A. Scherbaum

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die in den letzten Jahrzehnten schnell steigende Zahl der Menschen mit Diabetes zeigt auf, wie wenig bisher für die Prävention dieser Stoffwechselerkrankung getan wurde. Auch die Inzidenz und Prävalenz der diabetischen Nephropathie nehmen nach einer Phase der Stagnation wieder zu. Zu niedrige und zu hohe glomeruläre Filtrationsraten sind als signifikantes kardiorenales Risiko anzusehen. Mit der Einführung neuer hochwirksamer Stoffgruppen wird die früher übliche zeitige Umstellung auf Insulin bei diabetischen Spätschäden nach und nach verdrängt. Inhibitoren des Angiotensinkonversionsenzyms (ACE) und Sartane senken den Blut- und intraglomerulären Druck und wirken dadurch gleichzeitig antihypertensiv und antiproteinurisch. Die SGLT-2-Inhibitoren (SGLT: Natrium-Glukose-Kotransporter) sind inzwischen der Goldstandard für alle Nephropathien. Dabei sollte die SGLT-2-Inhibitor-Therapie möglichst frühzeitig begonnen werden, um gute Langzeiteffekte zu erzielen. Mit diesen Substanzen können auch bei Herz- und Niereninsuffizienz noch gute Effekte erzielt werden, die Therapie darf jedoch bei einer eGFR (geschätzte glomeruläre Filtationsrate) von < 25 ml/min und 1,73 m2 (Dapagliflozin) oder < 20 ml/min und 1,73 m2 (Empagliflozin) nicht mehr begonnen werden. Andererseits sollte sie bei einer eGFR von 20 ml/min und 1,73 m2 noch nicht beendet werden, da kardiorenale Vorteile auch unter bereits hochgradig eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion nachweisbar sind. Mineralokortikoidrezeptorantagonisten wie Finerenon wirken ebenfalls kardiorenal protektiv. Die EASD (europäische Diabetesgesellschaft) und die ESC (europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie) empfehlen in ihrer gemeinsamen Leitlinie GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten (GLP: glukagonähnliches Peptid) und SGLT-2-Hemmer als Erstlinientherapie für die Stoffwechseleinstellung bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes mit einem hohen Risiko für atherosklerotische Komplikationen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diabetische Nephropathie 2023 – Beginn eines neuen Zeitalters
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Tom H. Lindner
Werner A. Scherbaum
Publikationsdatum
18.05.2024
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-024-01201-0

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