Introduction
Methods
The planning phase
Data source and search strategy
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Data extraction and synthesis
Results and discussion
Effects on traffic congestion
Country | Traffic volume (% change) | Road deaths (% change) | Annual road deaths (% change) | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
April 2020 versus April 2019 | April 2020 versus April 2019 | April 2020 versus April 2017–2019 average | 2020 versus 2019 | ||
Albania | NA | NA | NA | − 20 | [117] |
Australia | − 43 | − 23 to − 24 | NA | − 7 | |
Austria | − 50 | − 25 to − 30 | − 9 | − 19 | |
Belgium | − 60 *March 2020 versus March 2018–2019 | − 68 | − 68 | − 22 | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | NA | NA | NA | − 7 | [117] |
Bulgaria | NA | NA | NA | − 26 | [24] |
Canada | NA | − 34 | − 46 | + 22 *Ontario | |
Chile | − 56.5 (Santiago city) | − 24 (June on June) | NA | NA | [43] |
Columbia (*Cali) | − 70 *April 2020 versus 2016–2019 | − 55 *Compared to 2016–2019 | NA | [138] | |
Croatia | − 50 *April 2020 versus April 2018–2019 | − 39 | − 35 | − 20 | |
Cyprus | − 65 (urban areas) and − 70 (motorways) *April 2020 versus February 2020 | − 100 | − 100 | − 8 | |
Czech Republic | − 50 (motorways) | − 11 to − 15 | + 5 | − 16 | |
− 65 (urban areas) *April versus February 2020 and before | |||||
Denmark | − 25 | + 9 | + 6 | − 22 | |
Estonia | − 10 *April 2020 versus April 2018–2019 | − 25 | − 18 | + 15 | |
Finland | − 34 | − 24 to − 29 | − 38 | + 4 | |
France | − 75 | − 56 | − 61 | − 21 | |
Germany | − 48 | − 1 | − 5 | − 11 | |
Greece | − 42 to − 74 *March–April 2020 versus Feb 2020 | − 58 | − 59 | − 16 | |
Hungary | − 33 | − 43 | − 49 | − 25 | |
− 41 *April 2020 versus April 2017 | |||||
Iceland | NA | NA | NA | + 33 | [24] |
Ireland | − 62 (Cars) | − 22 | − 36 | + 6 | |
− 65 to − 70 (National road network) | |||||
Israel | − 60 | − 28 | NA | NA | [43] |
Italy | − 75 to − 80 | − 79 to − 80 | − 84 | − 25 | |
Japan | NA | NA | NA | − 12 | [119] |
Kosovo | NA | NA | NA | − 28 | [117] |
Latvia | NA | − 33 | − 25 | + 7 | |
Lithuania | − 36 | − 42 to − 71 | − 30 | − 6 | |
Luxembourg | NA | NA | + 300 | + 18 | |
Macedonia (North) | NA | NA | NA | − 5 | [117] |
Malta | NA | NA | NA | − 31 | [24] |
Montenegro | NA | NA | NA | + 2 | [117] |
Mexico | − 59 | − 23 | NA | NA | [43] |
Morocco | NA | − 65 | NA | NA | [43] |
Nepal | − 59 *March 24–June 14, 2020 versus 2019 | NA | NA | NA | [57] |
Netherlands | − 35 | + 6 | + 13 | − 8 | |
New Zealand | − 74 | − 80 | NA | − 9 | |
Norway | − 25 | − 46 | − 19 | − 11 | |
Poland | NA | − 32 | NA | − 15 | |
Portugal | NA | − 50 to − 59 | − 46 | − 18 | |
Romania | NA | − 46 | − 52 | − 12 | |
Saudi Arabia | − 26 to − 55 *March–April 2020 versus February 2020 | NA | NA | − 20 | |
Serbia | NA | − 49 | NA | − 8 | |
Slovakia | NA | + 50 | + 20 | − 9 | |
Slovenia | − 54 | − 42 | − 40 | − 22 | |
South Africa | − 77 | − 78 | NA | NA | [43] |
South Korea | NA | NA | NA | − 12 *Seoul | [140] |
Spain | − 75 (− 75 *April 2020 versus April 2017–2019) | − 49 to − 59 | − 63 | − 21 | |
Sweden | − 22 (− 22 *April 2020 versus Apr 2017–2019) | + 6 | + 2 | − 14 | |
Switzerland | NA | NA | NA | + 21 | |
Uruguay | NA | − 51 | NA | NA | [43] |
UK | − 63 | − 48 | NA | − 14 | |
USA | − 40 | − 18 | NA | + 7 |
Effects on vehicle speed
Effects on traffic lanes
Effects on driving behaviors
Effects on drug and alcohol abuse
Effects of psychological impact on RTCs
Incidence of RTCs
Severity of RTCs
Outcome of RTCs
Hospitalization in trauma centers
Country | Trauma center | Trauma admission (% change) | RTC (% change) | Findings/interpretation | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 versus 2019 or previous years | 2020 versus 2019 | ||||
Australia | Westmead Hospital Trauma Registry | − 23 to − 34 *2020 versus 2016–2019 | − 40 to − 52 *2020 versus 2016–2019 | Overall, trauma admission reduced by 23–34%, and number of RTC admission reduced by 40–52% | [124] |
India | Tertiary care referral hospital, North India | − 34 to − 73 | − 51 to − 86 | Overall, trauma admission reduced by 34–73%, And number of RTC admission reduced by 51–86% | [127] |
Multi-centre | − 63 | 80 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 63%, and number of RTC admission reduced by 80% | [141] | |
Ireland | Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland | − 40 | − 60 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 40%. Number of RTC admission reduced by 60% | [131] |
New Zealand | Midland Trauma Registry | − 43 *March 5–18. 2020 versus March 26–April 8, 2020 | − 21 *March 5–18. 2020 versus March 26–April 8, 2020 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 43%. Number of RTC admission reduced by 21% | [132] |
South Africa | Edendale Hospital Emergency Department, in Kwa-Zulu Natal | − 47 *April–May 2020 versus February–March 2020 | − 78 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 47%. Number of RTC admission reduced by 73% | [25] |
Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Metro West Health District, Cape Town | − 53 | − 74 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 53%. Number of RTC admission reduced by 74% | [142] | |
UK | Royal Victoria Hospital (RVH) Belfast, Northern Ireland | − 26 | − 53 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 26%. Number of RTC admission reduced by 53% | [105] |
Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, England | − 38 | − 43 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 38%. Number of RTC presentation reduced by 43% | [108] | |
North-West London Major Trauma Centre | − 46 | − 48 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 46%. Number of RTC presentation reduced by 48% | [60] | |
USA | Les Angeles County trauma center | − 2 | NA | Trauma decreased with fewer motor vehicle collisions | [128] |
Multicenter study of US trauma centers | − 11 | − 27 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by 11%. There was a decrease in number of RTC admission by 27% | [129] | |
UC Davis Medical Center | NA | − 38 | 38% reduction in motor-vehicle injury | [47] | |
McLaren Oakland Hospital (MOH) in Pontiac, MI | − 45 *2020 versus March–April 2016–2019 | − 46 | Overall, trauma admission reduced by 45%. There was a decrease in RTC admission by − 46% | [107] | |
Portsmouth Regional Hospital | − 57 *February–April 2020 versus 2017–2019 | − 81 *February–April 2020 versus 2017–2019 | Overall, trauma admission was reduced by − 57%. RTC presentation reduced by 81% | [130] |
Cost
Recommendations
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Ensuring road safety legislations, including its enforcement, driving license requirements, and alcohol consumption regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Collaborative efforts among different stakeholders, including research institutions, police, hospitals, transport and safety departments, insurance companies on national and international levels to coordinate and act on the needed response to increase road safety during infectious pandemics.
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Review the lessons learned on RTCs during the COVID-19 pandemic and use them to mitigate the effects of the current and future pandemics.
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Have a comprehensive digitalized data record to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on road safety and use the generated data to monitor and plan future disaster management of pandemics.
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Carry out comprehensive studies on road safety during the COVID-19 pandemic with appropriate methodological approach and research funds. This should include studies from rural areas and developing countries.