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Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 4/2021

12.03.2021 | Methotrexat | Leitthema

Glukokortikoide in der Therapie der Riesenzellarteriitis

Wie viel und wie lange und womit einsparen?

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Bernhard Hellmich

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie | Ausgabe 4/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Therapie einer Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) mit hoch dosierten Glukokortikoiden (GC) führt regelhaft zu einer Kontrolle der entzündlichen Aktivität, sodass hoch dosierte GC in den aktuellen Leitlinien weiterhin als Therapiestandard empfohlen werden. Allerdings kommt es nach Beendigung der GC-Therapie bzw. Reduktion der GC-Dosis bei bis zu 70 % der Patienten im weiteren Krankheitsverlauf zu Rezidiven, die eine Wiederaufnahme der Therapie bzw. eine Dosiserhöhung erforderlich machen. In der Konsequenz müssen daher viele Patienten über mehrere Jahre mit teils höher dosierten GC behandelt werden, was eine hohe kumulative GC-Exposition zur Folge hat. Das Risiko für GC-assoziierte Erkrankungen wie Diabetes, Glaukom, Osteoporose oder schwere Infektion ist daher für Patienten mit einer Riesenzellarteriitis deutlich erhöht. Für Patienten mit GC-assoziierten Komorbiditäten bzw. erhöhtem Risiko, diese zu entwickeln, oder Patienten mit einem Rezidiv empfehlen aktuelle Leitlinien daher eine GC-sparende Therapie mit Tocilizumab oder alternativ Methotrexat. Unklar ist derzeit, über welchen Zeitraum Patienten mit einer RZA mit GC und auch GC-sparenden Therapien behandelt werden sollten, da hochwertige Studiendaten zu Deeskalationsstrategien für die RZA derzeit noch fehlen. Entscheidungen zu Therapiedauer und -intensität müssen daher patientenindividuell unter Abwägung von allgemeinen und patientenspezifischen Risikofaktoren für einen GC-abhängigen Verlauf, RZA-assoziierten Gefäßschäden (Stenosen, Aneurysmen, Visusverlust) und therapieassoziierten Komplikationen getroffen werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Glukokortikoide in der Therapie der Riesenzellarteriitis
Wie viel und wie lange und womit einsparen?
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Bernhard Hellmich
Publikationsdatum
12.03.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0340-1855
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1250
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-021-00975-8

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